Tamworth |
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Tamworth was also the site of a major battle in 913 between the Danes and Alfred the Great's daughter, Ethelflaeda. Following her victory, she ordered the construction of a wooden stockade to ensure the Danes thought twice before having another go. Following the Norman conquest, the fortress became the property of Robert le Despencer before his cousin, and another of William the Conqueror's barons, Robert de Marmion, opted to fortify the stockade further and eventually built a castle, plenty of which still remains. Succeeding rulers all added to the building so that today it is a mixture of Norman, Gothic, Tudor, Jacobean and Georgian architectural styles. Measuring some 10ft thick at the base, the walls of the keep, along with the tower, are the work of the Marmions. The walls have a unique herringbone pattern in places. Later Tudor work includes the warden's lodge and the grand banqueting hall, both of which have received Jacobean restyling. The list of visitors to the castle includes Henry I, Henry II, Thomas à Beckett, Edward II and James I. A tour of the castle includes The History of Tamworth and The Norman Exhibition. Leaving the castle via the old 13th century gatehouse you enter the old Market Place and Market Street. Originally called Castle Street, this was once lined with medieval buildings. Today's street has a few fine 18th and 19th century buildings but the centrepiece is the Town Hall. Tamworth used to have two town halls - one each for the Staffordshire and Warwickshire parts of the town. These were replaced in 1701 by this mellow red brick construction which was paid for by Thomas Guy who was then a Member of Parliament for the town. A bookseller and philanthropist, he started in business around 1668 when he imported English bibles from Holland. However, it was through the South Sea Bubble Scandal that he made his fortune. The building for which he is best remembered is Guy's Hospital in Southwark. The Town Hall is supported by wide stone arches, above which is a two-bay brick-fronted hall with large windows, a pediment and a high-pitched roof topped with a cupola. The Butter Market was once held beneath the arches which, in addition, used to house the town's fire engine. In front of the Town Hall is the 1852 bronze statue of Sir Robert Peel, former Member of Parliament for Tamworth and twice Prime Minister. Expounding his ideas of free trade, he once delivered his Tamworth Manifesto from the Town Hall in 1834, the same year he accepted office for Prime Minister. He is best remembered for his re-organisation of the London police force - hence 'Bobbies' and for repealing the Corn laws in 1846. The latter split the Conservative party and forced his resignation. The parish church is dedicated to St. Editha, sister of Athelstan, who became King of England in 924. Editha herself married Sitgtryg, the Danish King of Northumbria, but things didn't quite work out as planned so she took the less celestial option of devoting herself to God and founded a convent at Tamworth. The earliest known church at Tamworth was built in the 8th century but St. Editha's dates from 963. However, much of that construction which was later modified by the Normans was burnt down in 1345. Today's building is a much modified version of the rebuilt 14th century church. The building has a rare double spiral staircase which can be ascended with permission. One flight has 101 steps and the other 106 and they are arranged so that the roof of one is the floor of the other. From the church you can head down either Little Church Lane or Church Street to arrive at Lower Gungate. The former will take you through an pretty thoroughfare where the shops have been restored to provide the visitor with a little flavour of yesteryear. Just past the junction of Lower Gungate and Little Church Lane is the Almshouses founded by Thomas Guy [see photograph in gallery above]. Rebuilt in 1913, the almshouses are still linked with the London hospital established by Thomas Guy. The buildings' front incorporates a steep gable and a cupola. Gungate, incidentally, is a Danish word. The original almshouses were built in the 17th century but when Thomas Guy failed to be re-elected in 1707 he accused the town of ingratitude and used his fortune to build his hospital in London rather than the Midlands. On the corner of Church Street there are two interesting old buildings - the Arts Centre and the Co-op. The Arts Centre was originally built as a theatre in 1821 but was later turned into a pig market before being used as Sir Robert Peel's Gungate Malthouse. In another bizarre twist, it was turned into the town's Baptist Tabernacle Chapel in 1870. One of its chaplain's, Revd. Donald Fraser was killed when serving as an Army Chaplain in France during the First World War. In 1974, the building reverted back to its original role of a theatre and arts centre. The Co-op building is a classic Victorian shop building. The institution formerly occupied a building constructed in 1884 for Alfred Sadler & Co. Ltd. Tamworth's Co-op was established by William McGregor, Vicar of Tamworth between 1878-1887. He lived further down Colehill in the old Co-op Milk Bar. I have read that, in 1919, the record dividend was £12,935 which was an incredible amount of money - a bit like winning today's lottery. The Co-op gradually expanded into surrounding buildings in the early part of the 20th century. A short walk along Colehill will bring you to Victoria Road named, along with Albert Road, in honour of the royal visit by the royal couple to Tamworth's Drayton Manor in November 1843. A few yards along Victoria Road is the Unitarian Chapel. It was built in 1724 with what has been described as a 'severe two-story brick façade.' This was later stuccoed and a porch added. The notable aspect of the building is the Flemish bonded brickwork on the end wall facing the former graveyard. The chapel is now used by an ex-servicemen's institution.
The walk back into the town centre along George Street and Market Street is rewarded with the sight of some splendid Victorian buildings including the old National Westminster Bank described by Nikolaus Pevsner as the finest 19th century building in Tamworth. In Corporation Street is the Assembly Rooms which were built between 1887-1889 in the style of a Nonconformist Chapel to celebrate the Jubilee of Queen Victoria. Note the coat-of-arms supported by two mermaids. This was not registered with the College of Heraldry so it cannot be incorporated within the modern coat-of-arms for Tamworth. Today, the Assembly Rooms are used for a wide variety of public events. The Holloway leads down from the town, past the castle and over the river's bridge. It is lined with some fine and interesting buildings. Just beyond the van is The Castle Hotel which was once owned by William Tempest who later became an alderman and borough magistrate. The building was severely damaged in a fire during 1838 when six maidservants died. Facing The Castle Hotel is Bank House. Dating from 1845, this building was used as the Tamworth Savings Bank which was founded by Sir Robert Peel in 1823. Another building of interest, especially to beer devotees, is Brewery House on an elevated position in Ladybank. This was built as a workhouse in 1750 but was later used by a Mr. Morgan who established a brewery at the rear - hence the name. Brewery House overlooks Holloway Lodge, the main entrance to the Castle's grounds. Featuring two twin-towers, the gatehouse was built by the 2nd Marquess Townshend in 1810 and originally featured two separate single-storey rooms joined by the archway. It was following its acquisition by the Borough Council that the roof was raised and an upper storey added. There are plenty of pleasant walks within the castle grounds which run below the castle's ramparts and along the banks of the river. Just inside the gateway is the statue of Ethelflaeda. This was erected and unveiled in 1913 as part of Tamworth's Millenary Celebrations. The unveiling ceremony was conducted by the Earl and Countess Ferrers. The ceremonial opening of Tamworth Castle took place some fourteen years earlier when the Earl of Dartmouth represented the Borough Council in another celebration of the Jubilee of Queen Victoria. Close to the statue of Ethelflaeda another decorative feature has been created with the anchor of a ship. Ladybridge was originally constructed in 1294 but was repaired and widened in 1839. There used to be a large building next to the bridge which housed three corn mills and a fulling mill. It was called, appropriately enough, Castle Mills. The corn mills were worked by three separate water-wheels. The Castle Mills were demolished in 1920 - what an attraction they would have made today. It's only a small hike back towards Lichfield Street. The first building of note is a betting office which was originally a school founded by Sir Robert Peel in 1820. Further along on the same side of the road is The Moat House which dates from the 16th century. It was once the home of the Comberford family who once entertained Prince Charles, later Charles II here. The actual construction date is thought to be 1572. Featuring five stepped gables.
On the opposite side of Lichfield Street is The White House. Dating from the
early 19th century, this features an elegant double bow window. Further up the
road is The Manor House, formerly the home of Thomas Guy.
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1828-9 Pigot's Directory
1834 William White's Directory
1845 Post Office Directory
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